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A flare stack, also known as a gas flare, is a tall structure used in industrial facilities like oil refineries, chemical plants, and natural gas processing plants. Its primary purpose is to safely burn off excess or waste gases that cannot be processed or stored. Here's how it works:

1. Gas Collection: Excess gases are collected through a network of pipes from various parts of the facility.
2. Combustion: The gases are directed to the flare stack, where they are ignited and burned at the top. This prevents the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
3. Safety: Flare stacks are equipped with safety mechanisms like pilot flames to ensure continuous operation, even during emergencies.
4. Environmental Control: Steam or air is often injected into the flame to reduce smoke and improve combustion efficiency.

Flare stacks are essential for maintaining safety and environmental compliance in industrial operations.